Driving under the influence of alcohol remains a critical public health issue, significantly contributing to road traffic accidents (RTAs) worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence and impact of alcohol-related RTAs in the Republic of Moldova from 2019 to 2023, with a focus on the role of alcohol intoxication and driver fatigue. Using secondary data from the Narcological Center and the National Patrol Inspectorate, the research analyzed 726 accidents, resulting in 126 fatalities, 516 minor injuries, and 319 severe injuries.

The study identified trends, including a notable reduction in accidents during the COVID-19 quarantine period (2020–2021), emphasizing the impact of traffic volume on road safety. Key findings revealed a higher incidence of severe and fatal accidents among individuals aged 31–64 and the predominance of car drivers in these incidents.

The research underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions, such as policy reforms, awareness campaigns, and vehicle-specific safety measures. By addressing these issues, this study contributes to the development of evidence-based strategies to enhance road safety, reduce alcohol-related injuries, and mitigate the public health burden associated with RTAs.